How To Set Date Format In Sql Query
Date and Time Conversions Using SQL Server
By: | Updated: 2021-04-22 | Comments (53) | Related: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | More > Dates
Problem
There are many instances when dates and times don't show up at your doorstep in the format you'd like it to be, nor does the output of a query fit the needs of the people viewing it. One option is to format the data in the application itself. Another option is to use the built-in functions SQL Server provides to format the date string for you.
Solution
SQL Server provides a number of options you can use for formatting a date/time string in SQL queries and stored procedures either from an input file (Excel, CSV, etc.) or a date column (datetime, datetime2, smalldatetime, etc.) from a table. One of the first considerations is the actual date/time value needed. The most common is the current date/time using getdate(). This provides the current date and time according to the server providing the date and time. If a universal date/time (UTC) is needed, then getutcdate() should be used. To change the format of the date, you convert the requested date to a string and specify the format number corresponding to the format needed.
How to get different date formats in SQL Server
- Use the SELECT statement with CONVERT function and date format option for the date values needed
- To get YYYY-MM-DD use this T-SQL syntax SELECT CONVERT(varchar, getdate(), 23)
- To get MM/DD/YY use this T-SQL syntax SELECT CONVERT(varchar, getdate(), 1)
- Check out the chart to get a list of all format options
Below is a list of SQL date formats and an example of the output. The date used for all of these examples is "2006-12-30 00:38:54.840".
| DATE ONLY FORMATS | |||
| Format # | Query | Format | Sample |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 1) | mm/dd/yy | 12/30/06 |
| 2 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 2) | yy.mm.dd | 06.12.30 |
| 3 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 3) | dd/mm/yy | 30/12/06 |
| 4 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 4) | dd.mm.yy | 30.12.06 |
| 5 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 5) | dd-mm-yy | 30-12-06 |
| 6 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 6) | dd-Mon-yy | 30 Dec 06 |
| 7 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 7) | Mon dd, yy | Dec 30, 06 |
| 10 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 10) | mm-dd-yy | 12-30-06 |
| 11 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 11) | yy/mm/dd | 06/12/30 |
| 12 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 12) | yymmdd | 061230 |
| 23 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 23) | yyyy-mm-dd | 2006-12-30 |
| 101 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 101) | mm/dd/yyyy | 12/30/2006 |
| 102 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 102) | yyyy.mm.dd | 2006.12.30 |
| 103 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 103) | dd/mm/yyyy | 30/12/2006 |
| 104 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 104) | dd.mm.yyyy | 30.12.2006 |
| 105 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 105) | dd-mm-yyyy | 30-12-2006 |
| 106 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 106) | dd Mon yyyy | 30 Dec 2006 |
| 107 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 107) | Mon dd, yyyy | Dec 30, 2006 |
| 110 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 110) | mm-dd-yyyy | 12-30-2006 |
| 111 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 111) | yyyy/mm/dd | 2006/12/30 |
| 112 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 112) | yyyymmdd | 20061230 |
| TIME ONLY FORMATS | |||
| 8 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 8) | hh:mm:ss | 00:38:54 |
| 14 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 14) | hh:mm:ss:nnn | 00:38:54:840 |
| 24 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 24) | hh:mm:ss | 00:38:54 |
| 108 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 108) | hh:mm:ss | 00:38:54 |
| 114 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 114) | hh:mm:ss:nnn | 00:38:54:840 |
| DATE & TIME FORMATS | |||
| 0 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 0) | Mon dd yyyy hh:mm AM/PM | Dec 30 2006 12:38AM |
| 9 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 9) | Mon dd yyyy hh:mm:ss:nnn AM/PM | Dec 30 2006 12:38:54:840AM |
| 13 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 13) | dd Mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:nnn AM/PM | 30 Dec 2006 00:38:54:840AM |
| 20 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 20) | yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss | 2006-12-30 00:38:54 |
| 21 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 21) | yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:nnn | 2006-12-30 00:38:54.840 |
| 22 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 22) | mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss AM/PM | 12/30/06 12:38:54 AM |
| 25 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 25) | yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:nnn | 2006-12-30 00:38:54.840 |
| 100 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 100) | Mon dd yyyy hh:mm AM/PM | Dec 30 2006 12:38AM |
| 109 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 109) | Mon dd yyyy hh:mm:ss:nnn AM/PM | Dec 30 2006 12:38:54:840AM |
| 113 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 113) | dd Mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:nnn | 30 Dec 2006 00:38:54:840 |
| 120 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 120) | yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss | 2006-12-30 00:38:54 |
| 121 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 121) | yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:nnn | 2006-12-30 00:38:54.840 |
| 126 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 126) | yyyy-mm-dd T hh:mm:ss:nnn | 2006-12-30T00:38:54.840 |
| 127 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 127) | yyyy-mm-dd T hh:mm:ss:nnn | 2006-12-30T00:38:54.840 |
| ISLAMIC CALENDAR DATES | |||
| 130 | select convert(nvarchar, getdate(), 130) | dd mmm yyyy hh:mi:ss:nnn AM/PM |  |
| 131 | select convert(nvarchar, getdate(), 131) | dd mmm yyyy hh:mi:ss:nnn AM/PM | 10/12/1427 12:38:54:840AM |
You can also format the date or time without dividing characters, as well as concatenate the date and time string:
| Sample statement | Format | Output |
|---|---|---|
| select replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),101),'/','') | mmddyyyy | 12302006 |
| select replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),101),'/','') + replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),108),':','') | mmddyyyyhhmmss | 12302006004426 |
If you want to get a list of all valid date and time formats, you could use the code below and change the @date to GETDATE() or any other date you want to use. This will output just the valid formats.
DECLARE @counter INT = 0 DECLARE @date DATETIME = '2006-12-30 00:38:54.840' CREATE TABLE #dateFormats (dateFormatOption int, dateOutput nvarchar(40)) WHILE (@counter <= 150 ) BEGIN BEGIN TRY INSERT INTO #dateFormats SELECT CONVERT(nvarchar, @counter), CONVERT(nvarchar,@date, @counter) SET @counter = @counter + 1 END TRY BEGIN CATCH; SET @counter = @counter + 1 IF @counter >= 150 BEGIN BREAK END END CATCH END SELECT * FROM #dateFormats
Recommended Reading
Continue your learning on Microsoft SQL Server dates with these tips and tutorials:
- Determine SQL Server Date and Time Parts with DATEPART and DATENAME Functions
- SQL Server Date and Time Data Types
- SQL Server function to convert integer date to datetime format
- SQL Database DateTime Best Practices
- Format SQL Server Dates with FORMAT Function
- SQL Server Date Functions
- Add and Subtract Dates using DATEADD in SQL Server
Next Steps
- The formats listed above are not inclusive of all formats provided. Experiment with the different format numbers to see what others are available.
- These formats can be used for all date/time functions, as well as data being served to clients, so experiment with these data format conversions to see if they can provide data more efficiently.
- Also, check out the SQL Server FORMAT Function to Format Dates.
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Edgewood Solutions is a technology company focused on Microsoft SQL Server and founder of MSSQLTips.com.
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Article Last Updated: 2021-04-22
How To Set Date Format In Sql Query
Source: https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/1145/date-and-time-conversions-using-sql-server/
Posted by: marronewanding1952.blogspot.com
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